{"id":10082,"date":"2020-07-08T13:24:30","date_gmt":"2020-07-08T11:24:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/diploma2020.ecolecamondo.fr\/memoire\/science-fiction-architecture-et-urbanisme-a-la-croisee-des-mondes\/"},"modified":"2020-10-21T10:50:41","modified_gmt":"2020-10-21T08:50:41","slug":"science-fiction-architecture-and-urbanism","status":"publish","type":"dissertation","link":"https:\/\/diploma2020.ecolecamondo.fr\/en\/memoire\/clemence-heuze\/science-fiction-architecture-and-urbanism\/","title":{"rendered":"Science-fiction, architecture and urbanism"},"content":{"rendered":"
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La bande dessin\u00e9e Revoir Paris est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme une\r\n\u0153uvre de science-fiction optimiste, voir m\u00eame utopique :\r\nc\u2019est un ouvrage m\u00ealant la vision architecturale futuriste de\r\nPeeters et Schuiten et des r\u00e9f\u00e9rences de toutes sortes\r\nretra\u00e7ant l\u2019urbanisme de Paris, r\u00e9el ou fantasm\u00e9, depuis deux si\u00e8cles<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/article>\n\n\n

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Il est int\u00e9ressant de constater que les dessins de Benoit\r\nPeeters et Fran\u00e7ois Schuiten ne sont pas sans rappeler les\r\nesquisses r\u00e9alis\u00e9es 100 ans plus t\u00f4t par Eug\u00e8ne H\u00e9nard. Des\r\ncroquis qui permettaient d\u2019envisager une ville de Paris a\u00e9r\u00e9e,\r\no\u00f9 les flux et les circulations seraient repens\u00e9es. <\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/article>\n\n\n

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C\u2019est \u00e9galement le cas du projet des maisons tours d\u2019Auguste
\nPerret auquel les auteurs font r\u00e9f\u00e9rence dans la bande
\ndessin\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<\/figcaption>\n <\/article>\n\n\n

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Depuis toujours la science-fiction tisse des liens \u00e9troits avec\r\nl\u2019architecture. Qu\u2019elle s\u2019inspire de villes existantes, ou qu\u2019elle\r\ndevienne le berceau de m\u00e9galopoles fictives, la science-fiction\r\n\u00e0 permit et permet encore de nous interroger sur la ville,\r\nnotre rapport \u00e0 celle-ci. <\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/article>\n\n\n

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Le projet de Sant\u2019Elia est un parfait m\u00e9lange des
\nrevendications du mouvement futuriste : une architecture
\nnaissant gr\u00e2ce aux progr\u00e8s techniques et scientifiques, cr\u00e9ant
\nune ville l\u00e9g\u00e8re et \u00e9ph\u00e9m\u00e8re.<\/p>\n<\/figcaption>\n <\/article>\n\n\n

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Grace \u00e0 l\u2019essor du comics d\u00e8s 1905, qui est\r\ndevenu le m\u00e9dia o\u00f9 se sont rejoints dessins science-fiction et\r\nanticipations architecturales, les architectes tels qu\u2019Antonio\r\nSant\u2019Elia bouleversent notre rapport \u00e0 la modernit\u00e9 en\r\nproposant des planches color\u00e9es o\u00f9 sont \u00e9rig\u00e9s des\r\nimmeubles verticaux.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/article>\n\n\n

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La science-fiction ayant \u00e9volu\u00e9 en m\u00eame temps que notre\r\nmonde, elle s\u2019est rapidement empar\u00e9e de ces visions\r\nmodernes. C\u2019est notamment le cas de la ville Metropolis, ville fictive o\u00f9\r\nSuperman \u00e9volue, et qui appara\u00eet pour la premi\u00e8re fois en\r\n1939 \u00e0 l\u2019occasion de la sortie de l\u2019action comics num\u00e9ro 16\r\n<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/article>\n\n\n

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A cette m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, de nouvelles constructions hors\r\nd\u2019\u00e9chelle sortent de terre, et deviennent une source d\u2019inspiration\r\npour les collectifs tels Archigram.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/article>\n\n\n

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Le collectif met en avant une architecture proche de la pop culture,\r\nutilisant tous les moyens graphiques de l\u2019\u00e9poque (BD, dessins,\r\nstory boards, collages, supers h\u00e9ros et bulles) pour proposer\r\nsa propre vision du monde, et diffuser son utopie de la ville du\r\nfutur.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/article>\n\n\n

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Parmi les sources d\u2019inspirations du collectif on retrouve les\r\nimaginaires d\u2019Antonio Sant\u2019Elia, de Buckminster Fuller, de\r\nYona Friedman ou Constant Nieuwenhuys.\r\n\r\nLes propositions architecturales d\u2019Archigram peuvent\r\nfacilement \u00eatre compar\u00e9es aux univers de science-fiction.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/article>\n\n\n

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“L\u2019utopie et la dystopie ne peuvent \u00eatre\r\ns\u00e9par\u00e9es : ce sont les deux faces d\u2019une m\u00eame page” \r\n\r\nMarion Mazauric, \u00e9ditrice de romans de science-fiction<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/article>\n\n\n

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Globalement, les films de SF critiquent de mani\u00e8re implicite ou\r\nexplicite de l\u2019\u00e9volution de l\u2019architecture, de l\u2019urbanisme, de la\r\ngestion m\u00eame de la ville.Et c\u2019est d\u2019ailleurs tout le parti pris des \u0153uvres dystopiques comme Metropolis de Fritz Lang ou Blade Runner de Ridley Scott.\r\n<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/article>\n\n\n

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La repr\u00e9sentation du b\u00e2ti cr\u00e9e un lien \u00e9troit entre architectes,\r\ndessinateurs, r\u00e9alisateurs. Elle atteint souvent un tr\u00e8s haut\r\ndegr\u00e9 de pr\u00e9cision, de raffinement, permettant aux\r\nlecteurs\/spectateurs de d\u00e9ployer leurs imaginaires, de se\r\nquestionner sur l\u2019\u00e9volution, la m\u00e9tamorphose de leurs villes.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/article>\n\n\n

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J’ai pu constater que les th\u00e8mes du d\u00e9veloppement durable et de l\u2019agriculture\r\nrestent tr\u00e8s peu \u00e9voqu\u00e9s en science-fiction, ou alors ils sont\r\nlargement relay\u00e9s au second plan. Pourtant il semblerait que notre nouvelle utopie se focalise sur la notion de durabilit\u00e9 et de partage.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/article>\n\n\n

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Projet La ville r\u00e9siliente<\/em> de Luc Schuiten<\/p>\n<\/figcaption>\n <\/article>\n\n\n

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projet de Paris 2050,<\/em> Vincent Callebaut<\/p>\n<\/figcaption>\n <\/article>\n\n\n

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L\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat en hausse pour les cit\u00e9s v\u00e9g\u00e9tales et durables a\r\ndonn\u00e9 naissance \u00e0 de nombreux projets architecturaux\r\nvisionnaires qui pourraient bien donner \u00e0 nos villes un tout\r\nnouveau visage comme les projets de Luc Schuiten ou encore\r\nVincent Callebaut.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/article>\n\n\n

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Projet Le petit Paris<\/em>, par Malka Architecture<\/p>\n<\/figcaption>\n <\/article>\n\n\n

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r\u00e9novation de l’Astley Castle<\/em>, par le cabinet Witherford Watson Mann Architects.<\/p>\n<\/figcaption>\n <\/article>\n\n\n

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Je dois avouer que l\u2019id\u00e9e de vivre dans les tours v\u00e9g\u00e9tales de\r\nVincent Callebaut ne me s\u00e9duit pas particuli\u00e8rement.\r\n\r\nJe pense que notre monde, notre soci\u00e9t\u00e9 ne doit pas faire\r\ntable rase de l\u2019esth\u00e9tique du pass\u00e9. Il faut apprendre \u00e0 mieux\r\nconserver, requalifier pour mieux habiter. <\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/article>\n\n\n

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